Chapter 1: Introduction and Conceptual Cost Comparison of Trenchless Technology Methods
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Trenchless Construction Methods
1.3 Microtunneling Method
1.4 Horizontal Directional Drilling Method
1.5 Pilot Tube Microtunneling Method
1.6 Pipe Jacking
1.7 Utility Tunneling
1.8 Cured-in-Place Pipe
1.9 Sliplining
1.10 Spray-in-Place Pipe (Spray-on Linings)
1.11 Pipe Bursting
1.12 Open-Cut Method
1.13 TCM Cost Comparison
1.14 TRM Cost Comparison
1.15 Cost Analysis Summary
1.16 Chapter Summary
Chapter 2: Planning for Trenchless Technology Projects
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background Assessment
2.3 Screening of Alternatives
2.4 Data Collection
2.5 Final Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives
2.6 Predesign Surveys
2.7 Land Use
2.8 Environmental Impacts and Benefits
2.9 Jobsite Logistics Requirements
2.10 Length of Installation and Jacking/Pulling Forces
2.11 Accuracy and Tolerances Including Settlement and Heave
2.12 Entry and Reception Shafts and Pits
2.13 Service Connections
2.14 Maintaining Service
2.15 Chapter Summary
Chapter 3: Trenchless Technology Contracts, Project Delivery Methods,Specifications, and Means and Methods
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Construction Contracts
3.3 Project Delivery Methods
3.4 Means and Methods
3.5 Chapter Summary and Concluding Remarks
Chapter 4: Geotechnical and Subsurface Considerations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Constructability
4.3 Soil Types
4.4 Soil Strength
4.5 Suitability of Trenchless Methods for Different Ground Conditions
4.6 Alignment Considerations
4.7 Investigating Surface and Subsurface Conditions
4.8 Investigating Project Conditions
4.9 Field Tests
4.10 Laboratory Tests
4.11 Case Studies
4.12 Chapter Summary
Chapter 5: Rock Mass Properties and Trenchless Project Feasibility
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Rock Mass Properties
5.3 Site Investigations
5.4 Rock Mass Characterization
5.5 Rock Mass Classification
5.6 Rock Mass Properties and Their Impacts on Trenchless Projects
5.7 Chapter Summary
Chapter 6: Locating and Tracking Planning and Methods for Horizontal Directional Drilling
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overview of Walk-Over Locating Systems
6.3 Brief Theory Behind the Operation of Walk-Over Systems
6.4 Prebore Activities
6.5 Walk-Over System Operation
6.6 Planning and Costs for Locating and Tracking Systems
6.7 Use of Software for HDD Planning
6.8 Chapter Summary
Chapter 7: Drilling and Lubricating Fluids
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Importance of Water
7.3 Importance of Soils
7.4 Hydrofractures or Fracouts
7.5 Solids Removal Systems
7.6 Chapter Summary
Chapter 8: Planning and Construction Requirements for Horizontal Directional Drilling
8.1 Introduction
8.2 HDD Project Planning
8.3 Maxi-HDD Design Considerations
8.4 Drilled Path Design
8.5 Equipment and Materials
8.6 Drilling Fluids
8.7 Specifications and Drawings
8.8 Pipe Selection Considerations and Pullback Force Calculations
8.9 HDD Project Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC)
8.10 Mini-HDD Considerations
8.11 Chapter Summary
Case Study of Project Planning for a Maxi-HDD Project
Chapter 9: Horizontal Auger Boring (Bore and Jack)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Brief History
9.3 Method Description
9.4 Cradle-Type Horizontal Auger Boring
9.5 Main Features and Application Range
9.6 Guidance Systems
9.7 Recent Innovations
9.8 Chapter Summary
Chapter 10: Pipe Ramming
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Method Description
10.3 Main Features and Application Range
10.4 Chapter Summary
Chapter 11: Microtunneling Methods
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Method Description
11.3 Microtunneling Process
11.4 Main Features and Application Range
11.5 Contractor’s Submittals
11.6 Measurement and Payment
11.7 Specifications
11.8 Project Closeout
11.9 Chapter Summary
Chapter 12: Pilot Tube Method
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Pilot Tube Method Description
12.3 Major Components of Pilot Tube Method
12.4 PTM Planning and Design Considerations
12.5 Chapter Summary
Chapter 13: Pipe/Box Jacking and Utility Tunneling
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Method Description
13.3 Utility Tunneling
13.4 Case Study: Record Jacking Project in San Antonio, Texas
13.5 Chapter Summary
Chapter 14: Cured-in-Place Pipe
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Site Compatibility and Applications
14.3 Main Characteristics
14.4 Method Description
14.5 Major Advantages
14.6 Major Limitations
14.7 Scheduling and Costs
14.8 Chapter Summary
Chapter 15: Sliplining
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Site Compatibility and Applications
15.3 Main Characteristics
15.4 Sliplining Methods
15.5 Installation
15.6 Design Considerations
15.7 Sliplining Gas Lines
15.8 Advantages
15.9 Limitations
15.10 Case Study, Houston, Texas
15.11 Chapter Summary
Chapter 16: Sewer Lateral Renewal
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Service Lateral Renewal Methods
16.3 Chapter Summary
Chapter 17: Localized Repairs
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Primary Characteristics
17.3 Robotic Repairs
17.4 Grouting
17.5 Internal Seal
17.6 Point CIPP
17.7 City of Portland Case Study
17.8 Chapter Summary
Chapter 18: Planning and Construction Requirements for Pipe Bursting
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Pipe Bursting Systems
18.3 Pipe Materials
18.4 Pipe Bursting vs. Other Alternatives
18.5 Pipe Bursting Project Classification
18.6 Preliminary Surveying
18.7 Preparatory Work
18.8 Design Considerations
18.9 Risk Assessment Plan
18.10 Plans and Specifications
18.11 Construction Considerations
18.12 Grooves on the Outside Surface of the Pipe
18.13 As-built Drawings
18.14 Contingency Plan
18.15 Safety Considerations
18.16 Completion Work
18.17 Replacing Laterals
18.18 Pipe Bursting with Segmental Pipes
18.19 Quality Assurance and Documentation
18.20 Cost Estimating
18.21 Potential Problems
18.22 Pipe Design
18.23 Chapter Summary
Chapter 19: Panel Linings for Large Diameter Sewer Applications
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Primary Characteristics
19.3 Project Planning
19.4 Installation Process
19.5 Advantages
19.6 Limitations
19.7 Case Study: The SPR Spiral Wound Process
19.8 Chapter Summary
Chapter 20: Spray-in-Place Pipe
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Material Type and Purpose
20.3 Installation Process
20.4 Inspection and Testing
20.5 Chapter Summary and Concluding Remarks
Appendix A: Acronyms
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms
Appendix C: Abbreviations for Organizations Related to Trenchless Technology
Appendix D: Related Documents
Appendix E: Conversion Table
Appendix F: Center for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE)
References
Index
