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Back Cover
This new edition of a trusted reference has been completely updated to keep excavating contractors, operating engineers, and those learning the trade current with state-of-the-art equipment usage and the most efficient excavating and grading techniques.
Whether you're already in the business, or planning to take the leap, this book borrows from years of the down-in-the-dirt experiences of trusted authority, Nick Capachi. It's an encyclopedia of excavating and grading knowledge, including photographs and diagrams that illustrate just how the work should be done.
Co-written with his son, John, Nick combines their nearly 70 years on the job to teach you - in simple terms - just what you need to know to reach and stay at the top of your game.
In these pages you'll learn how to:
- Read topo maps
- Set crows feet
- Install water, drain and sewer pipes
- Lay or remove asphaltic concrete
- Use a laser level
- Cut drainage channels
- Pressure-test sewer pipes
- Use GPS and sonar for absolute precision
No jobsite is without problems. Knowing how to deal with these problems, or how to prevent them, can save you hours - even days. In this practical manual, the authors guide you through just about every difficulty you'll find on a job site. You'll find procedures and essential job-sequencing techniques that can make or break a job, plus pointers for tough situations that other earthwork instruction manuals don't want to tackle. Don't you want to be set apart as a top operator?
New in this edition: GPS - Global Positioning System - a time-saving survey and grade-control tool installed on much of the heavy equipment you'll be using. Also includes use of sonar technologies. Using these two technologies will save you time and money on most of your jobs.
CD-ROM included: Testing is the best way to learn, so each chapter ends with a set of review questions. The CD-ROM has 250 questions in a simple interactive format that makes learning fun. This is an excellent resource for the experienced operator seeking to brush up, or any trainee preparing to take the license exam. You'll find the Interactive Study Center will be your most-valuable study tool.
About the Author
Nick Capachi has over 48 years experience as a contractor, foreman and superintendent on all kinds of excavation, road and pipeline work, from interstate highways and sewer trunk lines to subdivisions, industrial and commercial jobs, and airport runways. He's licensed in both general engineering and sanitation systems contracting. John Capachi followed in his father's footsteps over 20 years ago, starting as a laborer, advancing to grade setter, and in five years, to foreman, a position he's held for the past 15 years. He too works on road and subdivision projects, and has special expertise in working in rock. He holds a degree in business management, and like his father, is an active member of Operating Engineers Local 3.
- Table of Contents
1. Understanding Road Survey Stakes, 5 Survey stakes, 6
2. Plan Reading, 21 Subdivision plans, 22 Highway plans and cross sections, 37
3. Grade Setting, 51 Setting grade, 52 Grade setting equipment, 53 Checking grade with swedes, 55 String lines, 57 Laser levels, 62 Crows feet, 71 Staking cut and fill, 76 Sewer line projects, 79
4. Setting Grade Stakes Using a Contour Plan, 83 Reading a contour plan, 84 Staking the area, 86
5. Grading with Lasers, GPS and Other Specialized Equipment, 93 Using a laser level for parking lots, 94 Using a laser level for pads, 95 Using a laser level for road projects, 96 Using a laser level for trench work, 98 Laser receivers on equipment, 101 Other on-board control systems, 103 Grading with GPS, 104
6. Road Building Equipment, 117 Slip-form curb machines, 117 Slip-form pavers, 119 Profilers, 121 Reclaiming machines, 125 Other specialty equipment, 126
7. Planning for Excavation, 133 The equipment, 134 Soil conditions, 141
8. Excavating Rock, 145 Cutting slopes in rocky soil, 146 Ripping and excavating rock, 148 Compacting fill with rock, 150
9. Excavating Subdivisions, 155 Selecting the right equipment, 156 Planning the excavation, 161 Erosion control, 170 Grading and compaction, 174 Fine trimming the subgrade, 177
10. Excavating Commercial Sites, 183 Take time for planning, 184 Excavating an apartment or office complex, 185 The excavation begins, 187 Curbs and paving, 193
11. Highway Grading and Excavation, 199 Staking a highway job, 202 Beginning earthwork, 205 Checking the grade, 208 Subgrade work, 213
12. Widening Rural Roads, 219 Minimize the inconvenience, 220 Preparing the work area, 221 The excavation, 223
13. Building Narrow Embankments, 233 Making space for the equipment, 234 Bringing in fill from above, 237 Compacting and finishing, 237
14. Drainage Channels, 241 Controlling water, 242 Rebuilding a channel, 246 New channel excavation, 248
15. Unsuitable Material, 253 Testing for unsuitable soil, 254 Excavating unsuitable material, 254 Plugging and bridging, 257 The fill, 259 Remedies for unsuitable soil problems, 260 Unsuitable soil around utility lines, 264
16. Compaction, 271 Compaction testing, 272 Meeting embankment standards, 276 Meeting subgrade standards, 277 Selecting the right equipment, 281
17. Curb and Sidewalk Grading, 285 Curb stakes, 285 Cutting curb grade, 289
18. Preparing Subgrade for Aggregate, 297 Rough trimming street sub grade, 298 Fine trimming the subgrade, 299 Trimming highway subgrade, 303
19. Aggregate Base, 311 Placing aggregate in parking lots, 313 Placing aggregate base on highways, 320 Placing aggregate on subdivision roads, 325
20. Lime-Treated Base, 337 Trimming the sub grade, 337 Spreading the lime, 338 Using lime to bridge unsuitable soil, 341 Using cement instead of lime, 343
21. Asphalt Paving, 347 Removing asphalt pavement, 347 Asphalt paving equipment, 354 Setting string lines, 361 Planning the passes, 361 Planning the dump, 363 Placing asphalt with a paver, 364 Paving with a spreader box, 376 Scheduling asphalt trucks, 377 Rolling the spread, 379 Applying the tack coat, 382 Patch paving and trench paving, 384 Chip seal, 388
22. Trenching and Pipe Laying, 393 Trenching for water pipe, 393 Laying water pipe, 395 Trenching for sewer pipe, 402 Laying sewer pipe, 408 Pressure testing sewer pipe, 411 Repairing broken sewer pipe, 416 Trenching for drain pipe, 417
23. Trench Shoring, Shields and Sloping, 433 Hydraulic shoring, 434 Shields, 438
24. Constructing Manholes, 443 Manhole bottoms, 443 Setting the barrels, 450 Setting manhole castings, 454
25. Underdrains, Culverts and Downdrains, 459 Underdrains, 459 Culverts, 460 Downdrains, 462
Appendix A. Equipment operating tips, 467 B. Glossary, 491 C. Abbreviations, 497
Answers to Chapter Questions, 499
Index, 501
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